Improvement i m printing-machines



I 2- Sheets-Sheet 1 J.- B. FAI-RBANK. PRINTING MACHINE N10."7,652.' Patented Sept. 1'7, 1850 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.' J.- B. FAIRBANK. PRINTING MACHINE No. 7,65@ Patented sept. 17, 11a-5o meer JOHN B. FAIRBANK,

Aaren-"r Fries.

or LEON, NEW vonk.

infieaovistvissr in Polartec-MACHINES.

To atl whom it may concern:

Be it known thatl l, Joux Bf Fninntmt, of Leon, in ythe county ot' Cattaraugus and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the )lode of Representing Letters aud the Sounds ol' Letters by Means of Characters. 'lhe mode of representing them is by changes wrought upon -a less number of movable types than the numhcr of letters orsounds of vletters used or represented for phonographic or phonetic writing or printing, to he used for reporting the words ol' aspeeeh delivered, or for trauslerring to 'paper any thoughts, words, or expressions (by attaching telegraphie'wircs or otherwise) with facility and correctness, intended, principally, forthe phonetic system and for other purposes, which is described as l'ollows, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same. making part of this specification.

Figure l isa perspective view of the case I for perlorining the object. above stated, and also a part o t` the machinery for'inking the type and conducting the paper-carriage in its proper place, together with a part ot' the wires, keys, t'c., at the top of the machine, the lid of the ease beingr elevated l'ront. to the right ol' the eye, scale three inches to the foot. 2 is the same view of a series of rollers to roll ports them, ttc., same seule. Fig. 3 isa perspective view ot' the hack part ofthe papercarriage with the front. elevated and to the liig. -1 is a top view ot` one l set of consonant and one set ot` vowel keys, with the characters, letters, and sounds they left of they eye.

represent made upon each key. Fig. 5 is a perspective View ot' parts of the machinery, which cannot be seen in Fig. 1, near the bottom ofthe case A,a part of the case. aiso'shown. Fig. 6 is a perspectiveview of the keys, wires,

or rods and their attach ments for one consonant f and one vowel "alphabet, making together one entire alphabet, t'ront being elevated to the right oitthe eye on a full-sized scale. Fig. 7 is a. perspective view ol' the lower-portion ol `the long wires or rods represented in Fig. 6, together with a part of the paper-carriageand the type-guide 'i, showing.r the parts in their i connection, same scale, trout depressed to the right, of the eye. Fig. is a vertical trailsve'rse section o1' Fig. l, made by a plane passing Trein front to back through the center,giv

rig.

l ing an end view of one-halt` of cach ink-roller brought under the type-guide T, with the saine iview of one-half ofthe ink bed or vessel H, lid removed, scale three inches to the foot.

l Fig. 9 isan end vicw,looking up from'thc hot` lztoin, of one set of type, both Lyon-el and vcoufsonant-, tbeing separated a little from cach other,) on a full-sized scale.

Similar letters in the several figures referto lcorrespondingparts.

The nature ot'gthis. invention and improvei nient consists in arranging within a suitable g case a series of sets of inclined wires or rods iattached to bent plates at their upper ends. upon which rest keys, they keys, plates, and f wires being supported by coiledsprings` each Qset of wires being brought within a small coni- I pass at thehottoin and havingtype upon their i' lower ends marked with characters indicating i letters and sounds of letters,and capable of bcing inked and pressed against a sheet. ot' pnpcr, either singly or in connect-ion with others, by pressing on said keys, the. keys working changes upon thetype. I use in one machine forty-eight entire and separate alphabets, each of which comprises a vowel and a consonant alphabet', separate anddistinct from each other. 1n writing I use a vowelalphabet for every vowel-character printed alphabet for every consonant-character in one line. Each vowel-alphabet has tifteen keys and their attach intents, by which changes are types to make cit-her of the fifteen vowelcharacters, and each consonant-alphabct has twenty keys and their attachment-s, working changes upon six wires or type for making either of the consonant-characters used. In writing, letters (or soumis indicated by characters) are selected from the various alphabets, one letter l'roni cach, thecharaeters upon the keys takenA expressing the sounds of the words written, observing to select the alphabets in the order in which the sets of type (the tive and six type forming one'set) are ari ranged above the paper, one-eighth inch from l it. At. the cud of every line written the inkroller is forced under the type and the paperj carriage moved by the foot or hand.

`To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invent-ion, [.will proceed to describe it, as follows:

in a line upon the paper, anda consonant-r wrought upon tive wires and their attached- A is the case in which the several parts of the apparatus are arranged,made of a rectangular form and somewhat resembling in its outward appearance an upright-piane case.

B are lids for covering the top and machinery in front.

Z is a door in the back part, of the ease for the purpose of arranging the wires and machinery.

I will now proceed to describe one set or alphabet or" consonant andone set or alphabet of vowel wires, keys, plates, fue., which will be a description of the other forty-seven sets of each, the forty-eightsets ol` consonant-wires and their attachments being iii all respects similar one to the other, except thatthe wires ci some of the sets are bent a little more than others immediately after passing through the spring-board S, and thefortyeight vowel sets are in the saine manner similar.

Q, Fig. 6, is aeonsonant key-board, throughthree keys.' C is fastened to c, and E (also placed edgewise under the keys, being in the shape ot' a cross similar to C) is fastened to wire e. f is fastened to F, a rectangular plate one-half the length of H. H is attached to wire h, and is similar to A. Plate D, fastcned to wired,v serves only as a spring to sup'- port Ythe keys aboye it, when the plates, that would otherwise support them, are taken down by other keys.' it is used for the saine purpose, and its attached wire (like rl) extends only through the board K, which is a horizontal board placed within the case ofthe inacliine for the purpose of steadying the wires` in theirup-and-down motion, a part only being shown in Fig. t3. The wiresattached to plates I' and G extend down nearly to the guide-board K, and pass through small openingsl made in cars s, arising from the sides of the wircsf and Ii, a shoulder being made upon the wire, which rests upon the upper side of the ear. Two other wires, without plates, y, extend tlilc sainey distance and pass through other simi-lar cars on the opposite sides oltlie saine wires,f andb. These four wires and two plates last named only serve as aids in working changes upon the original wires a b c o f Il. The platcsfastened to 1 `se original wires are disconnected one i'ron ie other, and pass in their several directiin order to extend under the eightkeys :or oi ning the changes. Each of the wires descr. ii-.d passes easily through the spring-board S, which is similar to Q, but not as thick. nail only being represented. Upon enel; o! the Original wires and the two keysupporters l) l R isa spiral spring resting upon the board These the key-board,when they are not pressed down by the performer.

P, Figli, isthekey-board, through which pass fifteen keys, working changes upon the wiresj k Z m q for a vowel-alphabet to accompany the consonant alphabet already described.' Plates J K L M Q are soldered to wiresjil; Z m q. N n is similar to D d, and used for the same purpose. rfhe three other wires in the vowel set pass through openings in ears upon the wires m and lc in thc inannerabove specified, and are used as aids in working changes upon the original vowel-wires.

The springs, plates, wires, keys, springboard, and key-board of the vowel set or alphabct will be mostly understood bythe description already given of the consonant Set. The spring-boards and key-boards {ninety-six of eachlare all kept in their proper places by means of grooves formed in eleven slides, G," (and two half slides placed in the end of the case A,) set edgewise and passing from-back to front within and attached to the case of the sented in Fig. 6. Other slides, P, ninetysx in number, having a length of the width of and a groove tor the key-board, are pressed down by the side of the slides first named and pliabet of wires to be removed from the cas the slides.

The keys represented in Figs. (3 and may shape. bout two :l'eet of straight wire is u n represent/cd between the lower parts ofa I) c`f ij Ily e q m Fig. tl, and the upper parts ol' the saine wires in Fig. 7, but shown on a reduced scale in' Fig. 8. I

eightin number, oneeighth inch in width by about live-sixteenths ot' an inch in length, through which the fortyeight entire and disireys in the saine alphabet to designate combinations of letters and sounds and to represent the figures. Any combination that will used for erasing what has been written through mistake. rhe vowels written upon the paper will always be situated above or below their they must be read accordingly.

A Ab.

lacters and soun/ls they represent made by 4springs keep the several ploteslup flush with machine, a part of two slides C being repre-- screwed to them at the upper edge and resting on the springboard, so as to permit one ab' without disturbing the others adjoining it. 1,0m` is a cap, eleven in number, to cover thetop of be of anysuitablematerial and ofany required- T, Fig. 7, 'are rectangular openings, fortyf` tinet alphabets of type formed upon the lower" One side ot' said type-guide is singly may be made by taking two or more take down all the type in an alphabet may be corresponding consonants, the sets being` thas situated in the rectangularopenings T, and.

4 the keys singly indicate tlie char- -ers and ink-bed more closely together.

'the type, one made convex on its periphery from end to end and fitting a concave surface',

TI, over which it rolls and which forms an iuky bed, the other concave ou its periphery from.

end to end and mov-ing by the friction of the first, for the purpose of spreading the ink on the same. .H is the segment of a circle, the bottom-of the type-guide T forrninga continuation, making nearly a seniicircle, and having alip upon each end near the center, by which it is screwedto N, Figs. 7 and 8.

- The rollcrshave each a continued axis or shaft with journals upon both ends passing through rectangular openings iu arms or cranks y arising from the shafts ofthe wheels a, which are two cogged wheels with `shafts turning in boxes formed in M, a part of which is removed in Fig. 5, the center of which shaft corresponds with the center of the semicircu Iarink=be`d H in such a manner as to allow'of thear'msg (two of which are attached-to each Shai'being turned around so as to bring the ink-'roller under the type. Each of the four arms or cranks y are provid d with a thumb` screw, a', for the-purpose o pressing the rollj '.lwo` of" said arms on 'the same shaft have also sp1-ings, through which ,the journals pass, and

`on beiugbent permit tle rollers to be removed from the machine.y `Ink is conveyed to the 'rollers by the ink-'bed The two cogged ,wheels above namedmesh in gear with cogs` formed on the edgesfof two vertical bars,- f, passing upon theoutside of 1, both of lwhich bars are 'connectedtogether at the 'bottom by means of a cross-horizontal'har, r. These bars f are directed in their up-andldown' motions by tongues @,projecting from the case A and sliding through guides formed on the outer side of said bars. To' the top .of eachzbar is tied a cord, which passes over the pnlleys o L S,.

and by which the weight O is suspended.

u are two parallel bars passing from back tofront of the case A., with their outeredges resting upon and affixed to shoulders arising from the bar r, and with tongues formedou their edges next .each other to fit grooves or guides formed on the outside'of the papencarriagc for the purpose of guiding it in its niotions back and forward.

t is a lever with one end passing to the right, Fig. 5, and resting on the bottom of the case A, and the other end terminating in-a joint formed by ears projecting from the center and lower side of i'. Crossing the lever t, ou its upper side and at right angles to it, is the 1e.

ver c, 'connected at one end to the bottom of.

A, and forming a hinge at the other end wit-)i1 the vertical rod I, which passes upthroughya slide lock o'r catch to the pad Lfor the foot of the performer to rest upon when pressing dow n said rod. j

n, Figs-1, 8, 7,8, is the carriage for holding the paper, convexon its'upper surface, (on

which the paper rests,)'to correspond with the concavity of the ink-bed and vtj'fpe-guide T,

made of sufficient size to admit a sheet of Pape.

r'w are triangular notches -made in a strip of met-al attached to. the under side of n -for removing said carriage the distance' between lines on the paper by meansof the spliug-bar or' fall F. Arod, s, passesthrough the centerof n, terxni nating in a crank at each end which projects downward. The frontend of said rod is also: provided with a knob, g, for turning said rodand cranks .H androds which rest nponthe edges of the paper and fasten it,'hav ing elbows upon each end andsrnaller cranks uponY cach elbow for the purpose vof clevatingand depressing said rods upon the paperby means Aof the cranks t and the connecting rods D.

One ofsaid smaller cranks (Your in all) projects upward and the other downward (on` the same end of the carriage) from the point ou which they turn. -Those on the same side of the carriage pass in the saine direction.

Fig. 2 represents a series of rollers to roll paper upon to avoid the necessity of exchangfw ing one sheet of paper' for another iu the car.-

riage already described. Its location in the machine is the same as n, butv is fixed by a pin to one of the bars u.

T is the frame.

on which the printing is performed through the rectangular opening in the lid of .U t'hence over the ,rol1er'\V, which moves the paper the distancbetwecn lines by means of a ratchet` the sets commence at the right, the paper-car-- riage should be thrown forward instead of backward in the machine by the notches w and the spring-bar or -fall F. Ong vowel and' one consonant set should be omitted between wordsin writing. If two consonants come together, in writing, a vowel set must bel-skipped and the same vice versa. Pauses may be represented byomittingtwo or more of each.

Two persons may Write upon the same machine at the same time by having the consonant-alphabets placed inthe back partiof 'the case and the vowels in front, one operating the vowel and the other the,consonant keys rlhe paper is iirst wound p upon Y by the crank X, thence passes over U,

A spring shoulder onthe ena 0I' the screws a: muy be-made to provide for any inequalities iu the surface of the ink-bed andv ink-rollers.

The mode of operating is as follows: vThe type for one line across the paper are first inked by pressing upon the padl, (the. paper having been previously bent over the surface .E and fastened tothe Acarriage n by the turning of the rod s, and the rods AHby the knob g.) I being connected to levers cand t, the crossbar r and the vertical bars' f bring the ink-rollers under the type by turning they wheels a and the arms y. Removing the foot!l leaves the weight ,O to bring the rollersbuek to their original place by means of t-he cord and pulleys v, L; and S.l The performer then depresses those keys, as above described, (in the order in wliich the different alphabets are arranged in the oase or the type on the papcn) at w. Aslight impression may be given with the -type byindentation, or through paper saturated with a mixture Qf'lampblaclr'ad olive oil, or other similar mixture, in which case all the machinery for inkingthe type may be' dispensed with.

' The letters-of theEnglish alphabet may' be used and several letters taken from .each

alphabet, if selected in' any uniform order,y

one after the other. The number of type-will, however, necessarily be sor great as to canse the letters to be very muchscattered on the paper, the number of type being nearly as many as the number of keys or letters in each alphabet.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, i s

The Inode of representing letters and the sounds of-lctters by means of characters made by changes wrought' upon a less number of movahletype than the number of letters or sounds of letters represented, the type being made upon or attached tothe bottoni of wires or rods'vvhicli are worked by keys at or nenr thetop, substantially as herein set forth.

' JOHN B. FAIRBANK.

Witnesses:

LEONARD CLARK, IRA R. J omas. 

